Friday, July 4, 2014

GATE Syllabus for Civil Engineering (CE)


GATE Syllabus for Civil Engineering (CE)

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Taylor and Laurent series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson,Normal and Binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams. Simple stress and strain relationship: Stress and strain in two dimensions, principal stresses, stress transformation, Mohr’s circle. Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, unsymmetrical bending, shear centre. Thin walled pressure vessels, uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses.
Structural Analysis:Analysis of statically determinate trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames, displacements in statically determinate structures and analysis of statically indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods, analysis by displacement methods (slope deflection and moment distribution methods), influence lines for determinate and indeterminate structures. Basic concepts of matrix methods of structural analysis.
Concrete Structures: Concrete Technology- properties of concrete, basics of mix design. Concrete design- basic working stress and limit state design concepts, analysis of ultimate load capacity and design of members subjected to flexure, shear, compression and torsion by limit state methods. Basic elements of prestressed concrete, analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads.
Steel Structures: Analysis and design of tension and compression members, beams and beam- columns, column bases. Connections- simple and eccentric, beam–column connections, plate girders and trusses.Plastic analysis of beams and frames.

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Soil Mechanics:Origin of soils, soil classification, three-phase system, fundamental definitions, relationship and interrelationships, permeability &seepage, effective stress principle, consolidation, compaction, shear strength.
Foundation Engineering:Sub-surface investigations- scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, penetration tests, plate load test. Earth pressure theories, effect of water table, layered soils. Stability of slopes-infinite slopes, finite slopes. Foundation types-foundation design requirements. Shallow foundations-bearing capacity, effect of shape, water table and other factors, stress distribution, settlement analysisinsands & clays. Deep foundations–pile types, dynamic &static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands &clays, negative skin friction.

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics: Properties of fluids, principle of conservation of mass, momentum, energy and corresponding equations, potential flow, applications of momentum and Bernoulli’s equation, laminar and turbulent flow, flow in pipes, pipe networks. Concept of boundary layer and its growth. Uniform flow, critical flow and gradually varied flow in channels, specific energy concept, hydraulic jump. Forces on immersed bodies, flow measurements in channels, tanks and pipes. Dimensional analysis and hydraulic modeling. Kinematics of flow, velocity triangles and specific speed of pumps and turbines.
Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, rainfall, evaporation, infiltration, stage discharge relationships, unit hydrographs, flood estimation, reservoir capacity, reservoir and channel routing. Well hydraulics.
Irrigation: Duty, delta, estimation of evapo-transpiration. Crop water requirements. Design of: lined and unlined canals, waterways, head works, gravity dams and spillways. Design of weirs on permeable foundation. Types of irrigation system, irrigation methods. Water logging and drainage, sodic soils.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Water requirements: Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater, sludge disposal, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment Unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal.
Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits.
Municipal Solid Wastes:Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal).
Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

Highway Planning: Geometric design of highways, testing and specifications of paving materials, design of flexible and rigid pavements.
Traffic Engineering: Traffic characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersection design, traffic signs and signal design, highway capacity.

SURVEYING

Importance of surveying, principles and classifications, mapping concepts, coordinate system, map projections, measurements of distance and directions, leveling, theodolite traversing, plane table surveying, errors and adjustments, curves.

IES - Civil Engineering Syllabus



IES-Civil Engineering Syllabus

Civil Engineering Syllabus for Indian Engineering Services Exam
Paper I
1. BUILDING MATERIALS
Timber: Different types and species of structural timber, density-moisture relationship, strength in different directions, defects, influence of defects on permissible stress, preservation, dry and wet rots, codal provisions for design, Plywood.
Bricks: Types, Indian Standard classification, absorption, saturation factor, strength in masonry, influence of morter strength on masonry strength.
Cement: Compounds of, different types, setting times, strength.
Cement Mortar: Ingredients, proportions, water demand, mortars for plastering and masonry.
Concrete: Importance of W/C Ratio, Strength, ingredients including admixtures, workability, testing for strength, elasticity, non-destructive testing, mix design methods.
2. SOLID MECHANICS
Elastic constants, stress, plane stress, Mohr’s circle of stress, strains, plane strain, Mohr’s circle of strain, combined stress; Elastic theories of failure; Simple bending, shear; Torsion of circular and rectangular sections and simple members.
3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Analysis of determinate structures - different methods including graphical methods.
Analysis of indeterminate skeletal frames - moment distribution, slope-deflection, stiffness and force methods, energy methods, Muller-Breslau principle and application.
Plastic analysis of indeterminate beams and simple frames - shape factors.
4. DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
Principles of working stress method. Design of connections, simple members, Built-up sections and frames, Design of Industrial roofs. Principles of ultimate load design. Design of simple members and frames.
5. DESIGN OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES
Limit state design for bending, shear, axial compression and combined forces. Codal provisions for slabs, beams, walls and footings. Working stress method of design of R.C. members.
Principles of prestressed concrete design, materials, methods of prestressing, losses. Design of simple members and determinate structures. Introductions to prestressing of indeterminate structures.
Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes.
6. CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Concreting Equipment:
Weight Batcher, Mixer, vibrator, batching plant, concrete pump.
Cranes, hoists, lifting equipment.
Earthwork Equipment:
Power shovel, hoe, dozer, dumper, trailers and tractor, rollers, sheep foot rollers, pumps.
Construction, Planning and Management:
Bar chart, linked bar chart, work-break down structures, Activity - on - arrow diagrams. Critical path, probabilistic Activity durations; Event-based networks.
PERT network: Time-cost study, crashing; Resource allocation.
Paper II
1 A. FLUID MECHANICS, OPEN CHANNEL FLOW, PIPE FLOW
Fluid Properties, Pressure, Thrust, Buoyancy; Flow Kinematics; Integration of flow equations; Flow measurement; Relative motion; Moment of momentum; Viscosity, Boundary layer and Control, Drag, Lift; dimensional Analysis, Modelling; Cavitation; Flow oscillations; Momentum and Energy principles in Open channel flow, Flow controls, Hydraulic jump, Flow sections and properties; Normal flow, Gradually varied flow; Surges; Flow development and losses in pipe flows, Measurements; Siphons; Surges and Water hammer; Delivery of Power Pipe networks.
1 B. HYDRAULIC MACHINES AND HYDROPOWER
Centrifugal pumps, types, performance parameters, scaling, pumps in parallel; Reciprocating pumps, air vessels, performance parameters; Hydraulic ram; Hydraulic turbines, types, performance parameters, controls, choice; Power house, classification and layout, storage, pondage, control of supply.
2 A. HYDROLOGY
Hydrological cycle, precipitation and related data analyses, PMP, unit and synthetic hydrographs; Evaporation and transpiration; Floods and their management, PMF; Streams and their gauging; River morphology; Routing of floods; Capacity of Reservoirs.
2 B. WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
Water resources of the globe: Multipurpose uses of Water: Soil-Plant-Water relationships, irrigation systems, water demand assessment; Storages and their yields, ground water yield and well hydraulics; Waterlogging, drainage design; Irrigation revenue; Design of rigid boundary canals, Lacey’s and Tractive force concepts in canal design, lining of canals; Sediment transport in canals; Non-Overflow and overflow sections of gravity dams and their design, Energy dissipators and tailwater rating; Design of headworks, distribution works, falls, cross-drainage works, outlets; River training.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
3 A. WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING
Sources of supply, yields, design of intakes and conductors; Estimation of demand; Water quality standards; Control of Water-borne diseases; Primary and secondary treatment, detailing and maintenance of treatment units; Conveyance and distribution systems of treated water, leakages and control; Rural water supply; Institutional and industrial water supply.
3 B. WASTE WATER ENGINEERING
Urban rain water disposal; Systems of sewage collection and disposal; Design of sewers and sewerage systems; pumping; Characteristics of sewage and its treatment, Disposal of products of sewage treatment, streamflow rejuvenation Institutional and industrial sewage management; Plumbing Systems; Rural and semi-urban sanitation.
3 C. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Sources, classification, collection and disposal; Design and Management of landfills.
3 D. AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY
Sources and effects of air pollution, monitoring of air pollution; Noise pollution and standards; Ecological chain and balance, Environmental assessment.
4 A. SOIL MECHANICS
Properties of soils, classification and interrelationship; Compaction behaviour, methods of compaction and their choice; Permeability and seepage, flow nets, Inverted filters; Compressibility and consolidation; Shearing resistance, stresses and failure; soil testing in laboratory and in-situ; Stress path and applications; Earth pressure theories, stress distribution in soil; soil exploration, samplers, load tests, penetration tests.
4 B. FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
Types of foundations, Selection criteria, bearing capacity, settlement, laboratory and field tests; Types of piles and their design and layout, Foundations on expansive soils, swelling and its prevention, foundation on swelling soils.
5 A. SURVEYING
Classification of surveys, scales, accuracy; Measurement of distances - direct and indirect methods; optical and electronic devices; Measurement of directions, prismatic compass, local attraction; Theodolites - types; Measurement of elevations - Spirit and trigonometric levelling; Relief representation; Contours; Digital elevation modelling concept; Establishment of control by triangulations and traversing - measurements and adjustment of observations, computation of coordinates; Field astronomy, Concept of global positioning system; Map preparation by plane tabling and by photogrammetry; Remote sensing concepts, map substitutes.
5 B. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Planning of highway systems, alignment and geometric design, horizontal and vertical curves, grade separation; Materials and construction methods for different surfaces and maintenance: Principles of pavement design; Drainage.
Traffic surveys, Intersections, signalling: Mass transit systems, accessibility, networking.
Tunnelling, alignment, methods of construction, disposal of muck, drainage, lighting and ventilation, traffic control, emergency management.
Planning of railway systems, terminology and designs, relating to gauge, track, controls, transits, rolling stock, tractive power and track modernisation; Maintenance; Appurtenant works; Containerisation.
Harbours - layouts, shipping lanes, anchoring, location identification; Littoral transport with erosion and deposition; sounding methods; Dry and Wet docks, components and operational Tidal data and analyses.
Airports - layout and orientation; Runway and taxiway design and drainage management; Zoning laws; Visual aids and air traffic control; Helipads, hangers, service equipment.

IES MODEL QUESTION PAPERS

IES MODEL QUESTION PAPERS
  1. 2000:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper – 1
  2. 2000:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper – 2
  3. 2001:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper – 1
  4. 2001:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2
  5. 2002:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -1
  6. 2002:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2
  7. 2003:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -1
  8. 2003:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2
  9. 2004:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -1
  10. 2004:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2
  11. 2005:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -1
  12. 2005:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2
  13. 2006:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -1
  14. 2006:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2
  15. 2007:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -1
  16. 2007:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2
  17. 2008:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -1
  18. 2008:Civil Engineering (Objective Type) Paper -2

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Thursday, April 3, 2014

HHM - Assignment 2

ANSWER ANY ONE UNIT (ALL QUESTIONS)  AND SUBMIT AS ASSIGNMENT 
ON OR BEFORE 09-APR-2014

HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES

Unit 5: Hydraulic Turbines - I

1.     a) How are turbines classified? Explain
b) What is a draft tube? Why is it used in a reaction turbine? Explain with the help of sketches two different types of draft tubes

2.    A Pelton wheel is required to develop 12000 kW when working under a head of 300m. It rotates at a speed of 540 rpm. Assuming the jet ratio as 10 and overall efficiency as 84%, calculate the diameter of the wheel, the quantities of water required and the number of jets.

3.    A Kaplan turbine works under a head of 22m and runs at 150 rpm. The diameters of the runner and boss are 4.50m and 2.0m respectively. The flow ratio is 0.43. The inlet vane angle at the extreme edge of the runner is 200. If the turbine discharges radially at outlet, determine the discharge and hydraulic efficiency. And also draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles.

4.    An inward flow reaction turbine has inner and outer diameter of the wheel as 350mm and 750mm respectively. The vanes radial at inlet and the discharge is radial of outlet. The water enters the vane at an angle of 150. Assuming the velocity of flow to be constant and equal to 3.5m/sec, Find the speed of the wheel and the vane angle at outlet.

Unit 6: Hydraulic Turbines - II

5.    A Francis turbine working under a head of 5 m at a speed of 210 rpm develops 75 KW when the rate of flow of water is 1.8 m3/ sec. If the head is increased to 16 m, determine the speed, discharge and power.

6.    A turbine is to operate under a head of 30m and a speed of 300 rpm. The discharge is 10 cumecs. If the efficiency of the turbine is 90%, determine the specific speed of the turbine, Power generated and Type of turbine

7.    A hydraulic turbine develops 120 KW under a head of 10 m at a speed of 1200 rpm and gives an efficiency of 92%. Find the water consumption and the specific speed. If a model of scale 1: 30 is constructed to operate under a head of 8m what must be its speed, power and water consumption to run under the conditions similar to prototype.

8.    a) What are the physical indicators for the presence of cavitations in turbines?
     b)  What do you understand by unit speed of a turbine? What is its use?

Unit 7: Centrifugal Pumps

9.    Centrifugal pump discharges 1200 lit/minute against a head of 16.5 m when the speed is 1500 rpm. The diameter of the impeller is 35 cm and the power required is 6 H.P. A geometrically similar pump of 45 cm is to run at 1750 rpm. Assuming equal efficiency, Find i) the head developed ii) the discharge and iii) power developed by the 45 cm pump.

10. How are pumps classified? Quote the approximate values of specific speed for different types.

11. The impeller of a centrifugal pump has 1.2 m outside diameter. It is used to lift 1.8 m3/s of water to a height of 6m. Its blades make an angle of 1500 with the direction of motion at outlet and runs at 200 rpm. If the radial velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5m/s, find the useful H.P and efficiency

12. A centrifugal pump 20 cm diameter running at 1450 rpm delivers 0.1 m3/s against a head of 40 m with an efficiency of 90%. Determine its specific speed.

Unit 8: Hydropower Engineering

13. Draw the typical layout of hydroelectric power plant and explain its components.

14. Where is the location of surge tank in hydro power installation? Explain with a neat sketch.

15. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power plants.

16. Explain different measures to be taken for safe operation of hydroelectric power plants